As stated above, ph is the single most important factor in determining chlorine disinfection. The element calcium can be represented as 20 40cl i. The colours associated with each number correspond to the colour that universal indicator turns in. Pdf definition of ph scales, standard reference values. The electron arrangement for the element boron can be written 2, 3. Measuring ph universal indicator paper universal indicator solution ph meter 10. The ph scale ranges from 0 to 14, and the numbers represent the concentration of hydrogen ions1 in the substance. Check our section of free ebooks and guides on acid base chemistry now.
Soil ph in the field can be measured using a simple test kit based on a colourcard method available from agricultural supply stores called the raupach soil ph kit. You will be using ph paper which has a liquid indicator dried on paper. The ph scale goes from 014 and is used to determine how acidic or basic a solution is. A combination of indicators is used to make a universal indicator. A ph scale is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration which spans from 0 to 14 with the middle point ph 7 being neutral neither acidic or basic. Dr mike lyons school of chemistry trinity college dublin. The idea of expressing the hydrogenion concentration on a log arithmetic scale was presented by s. Similarly a ph of 11 is ten times more basic than a ph of 10. Figure \\pageindex1\ depicts the ph scale with common solutions and where they are on the scale. Acids and bases are two groups of chemical compounds that generally have opposite characteristics. Analysis in a laboratory provides the most accurate measurement of soil ph. Likewise, a ph of 3 is one hundred times more acidic than a ph of 5. Understanding soil ph department of primary industries.
No specific safety precautions need to be observed for this activity. This resource is designed to provide strategies for dealing with. This is the 3rd lesson in the series, acids and bases. Any solution with a ph less than 7 is by definitionacidic. Journal of solution chemistry 2007, 36 8, 10371046. This lesson explains the ph scale and demonstrates how to use the ph scale and universal indicator to analyse samples. Reference buffer solutions for ph measurements in 50%. An indicator is a chemical that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. For example, a ph of 3 is ten times more acidic than a ph of 4.
The ph scale will be logarithmic and because of this, each whole ph worth below 7 is 10 times more acidic compared to the next higher value. The ph scale introduction to oxidationreduction reactions quiz. Chemistry is a conceptual subject and, in order to explain many of these concepts, teachers use models to describe and explain the microscopic world and relate it to the macroscopic properties of matter. Neutralisation formation of a salt from an acid and a base. In this lesson, students will watch a video and answer questions about acids and bases. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office. In chemistry, ph is a measure of the cidity or basicity or alkalinity a solution. Limitations of the ph scale usefulness confined to dilute aqueous solutions. Aldon corporation was founded in 1964, and is headquartered in avon, ny. Most of these experiments will let learners deal with many different types of quantities such as temperature, ph, absorbance, weight or mass, volume and moles. Calculate the ph of an acidic solution prepared by adding enough water to 5 grams of hydrochloric acid to make a solution that has a volume of 1 liter. It has been common to assume that the p represented a word such as power, but in 2000, it was asserted that the p. Innovating science products, manufactured by aldon corporation, include educational kits for the chemistry, life science, green chemistry, advanced placement chemistry, and forensic fields.
Its ph is 7 which mean 7 is the midpoint in ph scale. A ph indicator is a weak acid that exist as natural dyes which indicate the. Color printable periodic table pretty much everything you need that can fit on a page and still be readable. In this skill builder, students will complete practice problems calculating the ph of a strong acid or base solution. The ph scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole ph value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. Water can be acidic, alkaline or neutral, this is called ph. The ph scale is described, and students learn to make calculations involving ph, the concentration of hydrogen ions, and the concentration of hydroxide ions for a given solution. The symbol that he used was the letter p and a smaller h appearing almost as a subscript. Calculating ph and poh worksheet everett community college. Universal indicator, blue litmus paper and red litmus paper. Chemistry preliminary course 2011 1 acidbase reactions the ph concept. A brief overview of ph definition, principles, and methods of measurement as well as of some applications in environmental, biological, and food chemistry are presented. By the end of this lesson, students should be able to.
Lower simon fraser university contents 1 acids 2 1. Introduction to acidbase chemistry a chem1 reference text stephen k. The ph scale is logarithmic, meaning that an increase or decrease of an integer value changes the concentration by a tenfold. Color table with atomic numbers, element symbols, element names, atomic weights, periods, and groups. Use this chemistry resource as a class handout or as a transparency to enhance your lessons and increase student learning. Chemistry 11th project on ph scale acid buffer solution. A ph less than 7 is acidic and greater than 7 is basic. General chemistry relationships in water treatment. Typographical convenience led journals to adopt the current symbol. Take good care of this textbook this textbook is the property of your school. Free acid base chemistry books download ebooks online. The kit gives the soil ph on the water scale see later and should be used only as a guide to soil ph. For example, a ph of 4 is ten times more acidic than a ph of 5 and a hundred times 10 x 10 more acidic than a. Notes on acid base chemistry pdf 28p this note contains the following subtopics of acidbase chemistry, bronstedlowry and lewis acidsbases acid dissociation constants, pka, the relative strength of acids and bases, equilibrium in acidbase reactions and molecular structure and acidity.
The ph scale is the worldwide standard for measuring acidity, or equivalently, alkalinity also called basicity. Converting equations will strengthen students knowledge and understanding of key concepts in chemistry. To know the ph of a substance, you need an indicator. Chemistry 11th project on ph scale free download as powerpoint presentation. Write the electron arrangement for the element calcium. Its the scale used to rank how strong an acid or alkali a solution is. Acids, alkalis, and the ph scale compound interest. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a ph close to 7. Because it is the measure of activities of hydrogen ions, the initials ph stand for potential of hydrogen acids have ph values under 7 and alkalis have ph values over 7. Cover the book with protective material, such as plastic, old newspapers or magazines. Lastly we will explain what chemical bonds are formed and or broken when lemon juice and backing soda. Neutralization of effluent in steel, pulp and paper, chemical, and pharmaceutical. The p is the scientific abbreviation for how much and h is the symbol for hydrogen. Each whole ph value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.
Results for freediffusion liquid junctions formed in a capillary tube with cylindrical symmetry at 25 c are shown in fig. Other indicators will change color at different phs. Chemical reactions chemical reactions introduction in this paper you learn about the reactions that occur between backing soda and lemon juice. We will also describe what is occurring with the molecules on a molecular level. The ph scale measures exactly how basic or acidic a substance is. Illustration of the ph scale universal indicator ph color chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design colorful vector art.
This is represented be a change or difference in colour observed when an acid or alkali is added to an ph indicator. The ph scale can be represented horizontally or vertically. The ph scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. They have there own unique traits, acids taste sour, turn litmus red while bases taste bitter and turn litmus blue. This chemistry manual includes a series of experiments that involve measurement. It has an example of a substance that has the ph indicated. The abbreviation ph stands for potential of hydrogen ion. Chemistry preliminary course 2011 2 lecture topics. What is a ph scale, what does the ph scale measure edu. They will learn about characteristics of acids and bases, the ph scale, and the role of acids in biochemistry. Notes on acid base chemistry pdf 28p download book. The ph scale introductory chemistry 1st canadian edition. If base is slowly added, the litmus will turn blue when the acid has been neutralized, at about 67 on the ph scale. Students colour in the scale to match the colours of universal indicator paper, then cut out the labels adding them to your scale in the correct place.